The answer is that DOSBox uses the US standard keyboard layout as DOS did.
To change this, you need to use the KeyB program. See the "New Faq.doc" in the General DOSBox forum. The answer/instructions to the question are in that FAQ document.
(First read the instructions in the FAQ then read below)
To know what extention to use for your keyboard, you can find it out by using D.O.G. Create a new profile, fill in the name, goto input devices, then select keyboard. Here you can find the localize button. Press the button, this will try to detect the keyboardlayout used by Windows. Select Change Keyboard Layout.
Press OK and do a right click on the profile and select view conf file. Then you'll see the conf file generated by D.O.G and the used keyboard layout.
If the localize button doesn't locate the used layout then you're out of luck and you'll need to do it the hard way by trial and error. I would recommend using D.O.G. for this as it is easy to go through the list of available layouts without forgetting one. To test the configuration then just do a doubleclick on the profile to start DOSBox.
Erik.