Well, a quick dig through the source code shows no sign of share modes in interrupt 0x21/AH=0x3D (Open) and no 0x21/AH=5c code at all... so SHARE is obviously not functional. Share open modes can easily be implemented using lock files, but the range locking is quite a bit trickier...
I suppose the "easiest" method of handling it all would be a temp file with all the lock information in it, but this would slow down read/write (locks are mandatory remember) operations quite a bit. I don't belive SDL includes any cross-platform shared memory support, so that route seems to be closed off unless one was to drag in another cross-platform library.
Another option would be a lock server... it would need to be explicitly enabled (disabled by default) and would need to be running (though DOSBox could fire it up automagically if it is enabled). Then all open/lock/read/write operations would need a round-trip with the lock server.
Any thoughts on this?