Hi - I took the time to register today so I'm no longer just 'guest'. 😀
Thanks for the suggestions, Qbix - I spent a couple of hours on Saturday playing around and came up with some interesting results.
I reinstalled DOSBox 0.63 from scratch so I could begin again with default settings. Using the standard config my processor usage immediately jumped to 100% as soon as DOSBox started, before I even ran a game. You asked if increasing the frameskip helped - yes, it does. At FS1 processor usage drops to about 75%, FS2 to 50%. Unfortunately, running even a simple game made this ramp up again so that I got sound/speed problems.
However.... I decided to ignore the 'DOSBox is only slow if you're in 24bit colour' idea and dropped my screen mode from 32bit colour to 16bit colour. The result - instant and massive performance leap from DOSBox. At the Z: prompt I was barely hitting 22% processor usage, and can quite happily run a game and jump up to 12000 cycles at frameskip 0 without maxing out the processor and without ruining the sound. 😁
So that appears to be my problem - for some reason DOSBox is unhappy with my laptop in 32bit colour mode. Out of interest, I then began installing and testing the older versions of DOSBox that I downloaded last week and came up with an intriguing result - version 0.61 and earlier of DOSBox don't have this issue and run fine in 32bit colour mode for me. Only 0.62 and 0.63 are causing me a problem. I'm guessing something big changed between 0.61 and 0.62, yes? 😉
Regardless, I now have a fairly painless workaround that lets me play stuff as nature intended. Thanks for all the help and the hard work! I'd be interested to hear any theories about why my laptop plays up but my desktop doesn't.