Even if there isn't a label on it there are usually markings on the individual IC's and you can usually google the part number and datasheets will come up and have a description for the IC as something to the effect of 1Mx 1 bit DRAM or 1Mx 4 bit DRAM, on 30-pin simms the first part 1M tells you that the SIMMS are 1mb, the second part tells you how wide the data bus of the ram chip is so the data bus of all the chips will add up to 8-bit for non-parity ram and 9-bits for parity ram, so a parity simm that uses all 1-bit wide memory chips will have 8 chips on a non-parity simm and 9-chips on a parity simm, non-parity simms that use 4-bit wide chips will have 2-chips, and parity simms that use 4 bit wide chips are a bit strange since they will have 3 chips on them 2x 4-bit wide chips and one 1-bit wide chip
EDIT:This is for 30pin Simms only, although a similar concept applies to 72-pin simms, 72-pin simms will have a 32-bit bus for non-parity and 36-bit for parity, although on a 72bit SIMM you need to multiply the size of the ICs by 4 for a single sided 72-pin simm and by 8 for a double sided simm, for example if you find that the IC on your single sided 72-pin simm is 4M x 4 it means it is a 16MB module, and if you have a double sided module with 8M x 16 ICs it means it is a 64MB module