In my experience, a lightweight OS will get you going with all those tasks even on a single-core 32-bit laptop like my PowerBook G4 that runs Debian Bookworm. I'd say the most different and interesting hardware coming out now is the MacBooks, and I guess I'm biased but not in the way that you'd think; I'm not pro-Apple but anti-amd64. ARM was a good choice for laptop use since the cores are clockless and can shut off when not in use, which is a decent amount of how Apple gets those 20 hour battery life figures, on top of the newer node than Intel can offer.

A newer machine will be definitely faster because of the CPU alone: your A6 was a low end K10-based CPU not too much faster than the CPUs that came before it. Having a lot of RAM and an SSD helps, but the CPU is just a massive bottleneck. I think a current Ryzen 3 mobile would be more than enough for your use cases and have the decoding capabilities needed for Youtube and all that stuff for a while.

CPU and RAM footprint of simple web browsing is horrifying these days. You really want at least two fast cores and at least 8GB of RAM. Then there's whatever state the battery is in - chances are an 11yo laptop battery is dead.

Apart from that, on paper a new NVMe SSD is faster than an old SATA one, but compared to the difference between HDD and (SATA) SSD, it's negligible. Same thing about the screens - a good IPS/VA panel is far more important than some hyped-up refresh rate spec, particularly if you're not gaming. TN on a laptop is absolutely awful because you will frequently be looking at the screen at less than optimal vertical viewing angles, and 165Hz isn't going to change that.

Finally MS is going to EOL Windows 10 in 2025, and Win 11 requires TPM 2.0, which requires an Intel 8th gen Core or AMD 2nd gen Zen architecture. So if you want to continue to running Windows beyond that point (which for a laptop bought in 2022 is a relevant concert) you need newer hardware.