VOGONS


First post, by Flameboi420

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So I've been working on and playing with this 486 system I've actually posted about a couple times on this forum and its been pretty great. Upgraded to an AMD DX4 100MHz, with 32 MB of RAM on one 72 Pin SIMM, Tseng Labs ET4000 VLB, AWE64 Sound. Pretty good stuff, However when benchmarking it with a friend I realized the L2 cache was not being reported correctly and I couldn't figure out why. I was aware of the fake cache chips on these PC Chips motherboards, but much to my surprise this actually wasnt the issue. The previous owner actually swapped in real cache chips giving it 256k... single banked. Not a huge issue except in order for the motherboard to actually see the cache correctly I figured out after poking around in the manual the chipset auto config fuction must be turned off, and the "Cache Read Hit Wait State" must be set to "3-2-2-2". Setting it to that makes the cache work correctly but now the system is fairly unstable, windows 3.1 will through general protection faults and programs get weird. I fully expected this Im just not entirely sure what settings even need to be adjusted, I know it has something to do with the chipset configuration and am not sure how i can see how the bios was automatically configuring the chipset. Is there a program I can use to read CMOS settings in DOS? or is that not going to be any help. Its an American Megatrends AMIBIOS from 1994 (1995? maybe? the copyright date is 94 but it reports 95 on it as well so not sure) Its one of the ones with the windows style GUI. I attached the part of the manual that specified what i needed to do for the cache if thats any help.

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    m912_v14_Cache.pdf
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Reply 1 of 10, by dominusprog

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Post the part number of both cache chips and the TAG.

Duke_2600.png
A-Trend ATC-1020 V1.1 ❇ Cyrix 6x86 150+ @ 120MHz ❇ 32MiB EDO RAM (8MiBx4) ❇ A-Trend S3 Trio64V2 2MiB
Aztech Pro16 II-3D PnP ❇ 8.4GiB Quantum Fireball ❇ Win95 OSR2 Plus!

Reply 2 of 10, by rasz_pl

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PCChips M912

Flameboi420 wrote on 2024-02-19, 10:19:

32 MB of RAM on one 72 Pin SIMM

is that 32MB EDO module?

Flameboi420 wrote on 2024-02-19, 10:19:

in order for the motherboard to actually see the cache correctly I figured out after poking around in the manual the chipset auto config fuction must be turned off, and the "Cache Read Hit Wait State" must be set to "3-2-2-2". Setting it to that makes the cache work correctly but now the system is fairly unstable

either broken cache or modules are too slow

Open Source AT&T Globalyst/NCR/FIC 486-GAC-2 proprietary Cache Module reproduction

Reply 3 of 10, by Flameboi420

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rasz_pl wrote on 2024-02-19, 16:10:

PCChips M912

Flameboi420 wrote on 2024-02-19, 10:19:

32 MB of RAM on one 72 Pin SIMM

is that 32MB EDO module?

I don't think this system will boot with an EDO Module installed. I also had run a cache checking utility and it didn't report any issues with the cache so I dont think the cache is bad

Reply 4 of 10, by Flameboi420

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rasz_pl wrote on 2024-02-19, 16:10:

PCChips M912

Flameboi420 wrote on 2024-02-19, 10:19:

in order for the motherboard to actually see the cache correctly I figured out after poking around in the manual the chipset auto config fuction must be turned off, and the "Cache Read Hit Wait State" must be set to "3-2-2-2". Setting it to that makes the cache work correctly but now the system is fairly unstable

either broken cache or modules are too slow

I went into the BIOS again and changed the setting "Cache Write Hit Wait State" to "2 W.S." as apposed to "1 W.S." and everything seems stable now but i am going to keep the forum posted. This is my first ever 486 system so I apologize for all of the dumb questions, the oldest system I really built before this was a pentium 3 rig.

Reply 5 of 10, by rasz_pl

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Flameboi420 wrote on 2024-02-19, 19:31:

I went into the BIOS again and changed the setting "Cache Write Hit Wait State" to "2 W.S." as apposed to "1 W.S." and everything seems stable now

take picture of your cache chips, might just be too slow for 486 burst modes at your fsb.

Flameboi420 wrote on 2024-02-19, 19:10:

I also had run a cache checking utility and it didn't report any issues with the cache so I dont think the cache is bad

There are no cache utilities testing for cache robustness. They test size, speed, but are unable to test cache failures like bad chips or out of spec timing. Bad cache means crashing.

Open Source AT&T Globalyst/NCR/FIC 486-GAC-2 proprietary Cache Module reproduction

Reply 6 of 10, by CoffeeOne

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Flameboi420 wrote on 2024-02-19, 19:31:
rasz_pl wrote on 2024-02-19, 16:10:

PCChips M912

Flameboi420 wrote on 2024-02-19, 10:19:

in order for the motherboard to actually see the cache correctly I figured out after poking around in the manual the chipset auto config fuction must be turned off, and the "Cache Read Hit Wait State" must be set to "3-2-2-2". Setting it to that makes the cache work correctly but now the system is fairly unstable

either broken cache or modules are too slow

I went into the BIOS again and changed the setting "Cache Write Hit Wait State" to "2 W.S." as apposed to "1 W.S." and everything seems stable now but i am going to keep the forum posted. This is my first ever 486 system so I apologize for all of the dumb questions, the oldest system I really built before this was a pentium 3 rig.

The wording of this Bios is really weird, normally there is Cache read cycle (not waitstate haha), with the options 2-1-1-1, 2-2-2-2, 3-1-1-1 and 3-2-2-2.
The second thing is normally called cache write cycle and it is either 2T or 3T.
So I assume that you have now 3-2-2-2 read and 3T write. That is really shit for 33MHz.
So yes, make a picture of your cache chips. But then as the manual somehow warns, that the board cannot handle single bank cache well. Make it double banked as soon as possible.
Then you should be able to run the cache with 2-1-1-1 read and 2 write. (on good boards that even works at 40MHz. 3-2-2-2, 3 is a setting for 50MHz).

Reply 7 of 10, by danieljm

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Flameboi420 wrote on 2024-02-19, 19:10:
rasz_pl wrote on 2024-02-19, 16:10:

PCChips M912

Flameboi420 wrote on 2024-02-19, 10:19:

32 MB of RAM on one 72 Pin SIMM

is that 32MB EDO module?

I don't think this system will boot with an EDO Module installed. I also had run a cache checking utility and it didn't report any issues with the cache so I dont think the cache is bad

I've got an M912 and it does actually work with EDO RAM. I haven't bothered to do any stability testing with EDO though because it's supposed to be a bad combo with a 486. So you might also want to double-check if it is in fact EDO that you've got installed.

Reply 8 of 10, by Flameboi420

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Alright everyone, Currently I have everything stable but some people were saying I'm losing performance and also asking to see pictures of my cache chips and if my RAM was EDO. I'm attaching my current chipset configuration as well as a picture of my cache chips and a picture of the 32 MB RAM stick I put in this machine.

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  • 20240220_161951.jpg
    Filename
    20240220_161951.jpg
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    File comment
    Other half of chipset configuration, None of this ever was autoconfigured and I never really messed with any of it.
    File license
    Public domain
  • 20240220_161257.jpg
    Filename
    20240220_161257.jpg
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    1.98 MiB
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    The settings I manually configured. I was told I was losing performance with these settings although It got the cache working and it's running better than it did when the cache didn't work so eh but i thought I'd post it anyway.
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    Public domain
  • 20240220_161501.jpg
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    20240220_161501.jpg
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    The cache chips, I really tried to get a picture that got a good look at the TAG chip (I think thats what that bottom chip is) but its label is so faded I can't really make it out or get it to show on camera.
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    Public domain
  • 20240220_161523.jpg
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    20240220_161523.jpg
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    847.09 KiB
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    229 views
    File comment
    The RAM stick. It might be EDO? I'm not entirely sure. It's one of the only working SIMMs I have so I can't exactly replace it right now
    File license
    Public domain

Reply 9 of 10, by Disruptor

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That is EDO DRAM. Do not mix them with FPM DRAM.
Perhaps you continue with a FPM DRAM module first.
EDOs in 486 were quite uncommon.

Your cache chips are 64kx8. I cannot read your TAG ram, but I think it is a 32kx8.

Reply 10 of 10, by CoffeeOne

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Flameboi420 wrote on 2024-02-20, 21:25:

Alright everyone, Currently I have everything stable but some people were saying I'm losing performance and also asking to see pictures of my cache chips and if my RAM was EDO. I'm attaching my current chipset configuration as well as a picture of my cache chips and a picture of the 32 MB RAM stick I put in this machine.

Yes, better switch to FPM, if possible.
But the cache configuration is really "unlucky".
Unfortunately your DATA SRAM chips are only 20ns. So 20ns and single banked, meaning most likely you are really stuck here with the slowest possible cache timing 3-2-2-2 and cache write WS 2 (which means 3 cycles)
Maybe you can get 4 more 64kx8 SRAMs with 20ns or 15ns, this would not only double the amount of cache, but enable 2-1-1-1 read 2 write for cache timing, which would improve the perfomance a lot.
But here it depends how important 20 or 30% more speed is for you. Maybe not too exciting 😀