DOSX/Krnl286.exe use the 286 native mode, the 16-Bit Protected-Mode, which has a segment-based Memory Managment Unit.
Unlike Real-Mode, segment size can be anything between 1KB to 64KB (but WIn 3.x stuck to 64KB in order to be binary compatible with Real-Mode programs).
In theory, it could do Virtual Memory (1GB adress space).. However, since it can't "swap to disk" in hardware, virtual memory isn't implemented in Standard Mode.
OS/2 1.3, on the other hand, did support Virtual Mem0ry on iAPX286 platform. OS/2 also used the ring schemes (0,2,3 ?).
https://archive.org/search.php?query=apx286
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_mode
https://www.landley.net/history/mirror/os2/hi … s213/index.html
"OS/2 fully utilized the segmented memory model of 286 processors with the accompanying memory protection capabilities.
Up to 16MB RAM could be directly used; segment-based virtual memory (segment swapping) allowed much higher virtual address spaces.
With OS/2 1.0, that was of course very theoretical with a 32MB partition size limit, although in an era when a powerful PC had 4MB RAM,
it was not a practical restriction."
http://www.os2museum.com/wp/os2-history/os2-1-0/
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