First, there isn't any IC where the "KBD" is supposed to be.
Is it an empty socket, or completely unpopulated? It's possible your board has an alternate configuration and uses a different chip (maybe one of the 'super IO' chips or something) for keyboard control, though if you have an empty socket it's also quite possible that somebody stole the keyboard controller off of it. The latter could be a problem, however not an insurmountable one. Usually the keyboard controller chips are relatively cross-compatible... i.e., since you have an Award BIOS and no PS/2, a keyboard controller from most any other Award BIOS-based 486 board (and probably also earlier Pentium boards) without PS/2 should work as a replacement.
Second bank 0 cache chips are 28 pin (just like bank 1) but the slots are for 32 pin chips.
That's fine, and is quite common. 28-pin chips can be used in 32-pin sockets, leaving the first two pin rows of the socket open. It was done that way to allow upgrading to higher-capacity SRAM chips... that board appears to allow 256K cache using either 8 32Kx8 chips (which is probably what you have) or 4 64Kx8 chips, and the 64Kx8 chips use 32-pin sockets.
Third the jumpers don't seem to match any configurations that I've read so far, so if it was powered up with incorrect jumper settings, couldn't that damage the board?
Really the only jumper settings that might cause damage are those for the CPU voltage. And even then, it would probably only affect the CPU, not the board itself. Also, don't assume that the settings listed on TH99 are a complete list... sometimes there's a bit of missing information, sometimes there are additional undocumented/alternate settings, and once in awhile, TH99 can be completely wrong.