The newest AMD discrete CPU platform to be officially supported by XP is AM3+ and the FX series of CPUs, eg. like the FX-4300, FX-6300, or FX-8350, and the newest officially, fully supported Intel platform on XP I know of is Sandy Bridge, meanwhile as far as I can look up for APU platforms, the newest desktop APUs I can find that officially have XP drivers are the A6/A8/A10-5000 series parts on the FM2 platform, Steamroller and Excavator aren't officially supported, although previous comments hint at a 7000-series APU working fine on XP, and of course all Bobcat/Puma/Jaguar-architecture silicon should work fine on XP too for the lower-powered stuff but the newest full-powered desktop APUs that are officially supported by XP are on the Piledriver architecture as are the newest officially-supported AMD discrete CPUs for that OS.
As for GPUs, the newest Nvidia cards that can run on XP before getting into diminishing returns are the 700-series cards and the newest AMD GPUs as far as I can look up that have XP drivers are the R7/R9 200-series cards as the newest Catalyst drivers for XP support those cards, and as for sound cards, you can run a Xonar DG/DGX or an Audigy 2 ZS on XP just fine.
PC hardware: Ryzen 5 4500, 32GB RAM, 1TB SN 570 Linux drive, 500GB 970 EVO Plus Windows drive, 2TB 970 EVO Plus games drive, 1TB 870 EVO extra storage drive, RX 6600 GPU, EndeavourOS/Win10 dual-boot