I have compiled Dosbox (r4000) and made a .sh script which should run on every modern Linux Distribution without installing Dosbox and it's Dependencies.
I've tested it successfully with Ubuntu 14.04 & 16.04 and ArchLinux.

Just run ./dosbox_x64_run.sh or ./dosbox_x86_run.sh and Dosbox should pop up.
Download:
http://www.mediafire.com/file/5tk899a9o0l96hp … osbox_r4000.zip ~5.54MB (Dosbox x64 & x86 only)
http://www.mediafire.com/file/daj8fk487g7k797 … 00_FreeDoom.zip ~13.06MB (Dosbox x64 & x86 with FreeDoom Game and DOS "Doom Fusion engine" + preconfigured "dosbox.conf")
https://freedoom.github.io/

Test it on your Linux Distro and report bugs here. (FreeDoom + Fusion Engine should work fine but it's not intensive tested yet)

hf,
-Tom (divinity)