In these times of GPU shortage and high prices, the GTX 770 PCIE is a card you can use in a current system... Kepler (the architecture of that card) is just going legacy for the next major release.
The GTX Titan is another more powerful Kepler card
The GTX 590 is a fire breathing monster with a 365W TDP and DUAL Fermi GPU - it's like a pair of GTX 580's in SLI, but underclocked a bit
The GTX 480 is also a Fermi - driver support for Fermi ended some time back, but there are drivers for Win10 - with the notorious texture bug in Shadow of the Tomb Rader
The above are DX12 capable, with the outdated driver issues limiting the usefulness of Fermi in modern systems
The Radeon 5870 is also fairly powerful, but is limited to DX11 and on legacy drivers.
The lower spec PCIE cards are not very exiting, mostly useful for testing when you don't trust a system not to destroy an expensive card.
On the AGP side, the 6800GT is a powerful card, The Ti4200 is a DX8 classic, while the Geforce 2, 2MX and TNT2 are "bread and butter" cards of their era