I've had a similar experience but with one of these jabronis:
https://www.amazon.com/Syba-Compact-Adapter-E … 6/dp/B0036DDXUM
I cracked it open, and it's just a simple mechanical adapter. Can't remember if it has a voltage divider for 3.3v. But, either way, it doesn't have a jumper for it, so it is what it is.
I connected it to a 44pin to 40 pin adapter. It works perfectly fine in a newer VIA C3 based system with ATA-4 controller, but my 486 with ATA-2 controller won't post with it connected. I tried it with multiple CF to SD adapters with the same results. I just wrote it off as a compatibility issue.
I would love to be wrong about this, so someone please correct me, but getting things to work on older ATA-2 controllers is a crapshoot.
On my 486, I'm using an SD to IDE adapter like this one:
https://www.amazon.com/KOOBOOK-1Pcs-40Pin-Ada … e/dp/B07YFPX7JB
Disclaimer: I'm not using this specific one, but the picture matches, so it's probably the same.
It works pretty well, but I discovered that some SD card sizes may not work properly depending on your BIOS. In my case, 8GB SD cards get recognized as 512MB, but smaller and larger sizes work OK. With XTIDE, it stops being a problem.