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HP Vectra ES/12 12Mhz 286

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Reply 80 of 82, by vkcpolice

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Hi i cant get any better pics without pulling the whole computer apart.
in the manual it says it has 1mb of ram
ive only just come across the term shadow ram as it says it has that in the manual
what is shadow ram?

Reply 81 of 82, by megatron-uk

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Shadow RAM is an ability to use some of the (normally inaccessible) memory between 640-1024kb.

First, the system reserves part of this memory space to map various ROM's in (remember the original XT only had a 1MB address space). That's the main reason why 640-1024kb cannot be used for other purposes. These ROMs contain the hard drive and floppy access routines, routines to clear the screen, the VGA font, etc. all the basic, low level routines that DOS needs to talk to the hardware in a standardised way.

Second, in addition those ROMs can be copied into the physical RAM in that space - the system ROM (the BIOS itself - normally 16, 32 or 64kbyte), the VGA card ROM (usually 32 or 64kbyte), perhaps a network card, SCSI controller etc.

The former is needed to actually access the ROM within the legacy PC memory address range. The latter is a technique to substantially speed up ROM routines (it's far faster to make a call to a 16 or 32bit wide main memory than it is to go out over the (8 or 16bit) ISA bus and execute code from a relatively slow (anything up to 200ns) EPROM sitting on a card there. It is this latter technique which shadow RAM refers to.

Some motherboard chipsets allow you to repurpose that shadow RAM to be used as special areas that DOS drivers and other code can be loaded into... saving valuable space in that precious 0-640kbyte region. "The Last Byte" and "UMB_DRVR" are two software tools which can take advantage of those chipsets (which DOS normally cannot do).

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