re bad disk copies
perhaps this might help... It might not translate to data discs....
copied verbatim (no pun intended) from my own posts on another forum
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I replaced my Panasonic 4k player this year because it was having issues with some 4k discs. The Oppo also had trouble around the same time, but I kept it because it's a universal player. For the record, I smoke, and it's possible that smoke and general dust have shortened the life of these, but suspicioun points elsewhere if both started having issues at the same time, with one being much older.
I've been ripping all my discs to hard drives. So far I've ripped at least 5000 discs and had issues with about 75 (some of which I replaced). There's separation spots that look like water damage or mold, separation at the inner or outer edge but also in the middle of a disc, and several other issues. By far, the biggest issue is scratches on DVDs, which have a weaker surface than bluray or 4k discs. Sometimes I can get a disc to work by washing it with water and a bit of dish soap, then gently drying it with lens wipes or fine microfiber. Discs that have damage at the center are often a total loss, while others might just have tracks that fail.
I have 3 external drives attached to my PC: 4k, bluray, and a CD burner. Sometimes a disc won't read properly in one, but might work in another. Discs with small scratches that aren't read properly in the bluray reader are best read on the 4k reader with its finer laser and better tracking. But a few DVDs could only be read on the DVD disc writer, a burner specialized for writing with write speeds that are actually faster than read speed.
Even after trying all three readers, there's about 60 discs with bad tracks or complete failures. About 50 of these are DVDs with scratches from the discs coming loose in crappy cases, or those stupid cardboard book holders. About 10 have circular scratches, probably from closing the disc tray with the disc improperly inserted. The DVDs are up to 25 years old, about 250 are DVDR. While I had one or two issues with double layer DVDs in the past, nearly all of them were ripped a decade ago, and since then I always rip DVDR and BDR immediately to have a backup.
Last year, both Panasonic & LG stopped producing disc hardware, so I picked up extra readers and a couple of spare 4k players.
By far, the biggest issue is scratches on DVDs, which have a weaker surface than bluray or 4k discs.
...
I should stress that the experience above is mostly for computer drives. Some of those 60 failed discs play just fine on the players. The players are almost always better than PC drives for audio & video because the players (and probably the drives themselves) have much better error correction embedded in the software (firmware) specifically meant for what the player does, whether DVD, DVD + Blu-Ray, DVD + Blu-Ray + 4k, and then CD, SACD, DVDA, and those odd formats including writable discs. Disc readers/writers meant for computers are usually more generic and have firmware tied to operating systems. Of course players also have certain restrictions built in that aren't necessarily in every computer drive.
Also, reading the thread and going back through my own research elsewhere, it seems... well, the temperature has been pretty steady in my apartment (74-80F) for ever, and the humidity never goes above 40RH. I've read horror stories about collections of people living in humid areas. So YMMV.
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In total, there were about 12,000 discs: cd, dvd, dvdr, bluray, bdr, 4k uhd. None of the above is for data discs. The main takeaway is to try vastly different drives, and attempt to clean where you can. While there's no cure for an actual bad disks, different error correction circuitry and also algorithms in different programs that use low level disc ripping can help in some cases.
Also, not a single CD was bad, though I was unable to get 2 or 3 tracks in total across over 1000 CDs, and they're up to 35 years old. It suggests the disks were edited in a way that computer drives couldn't understand. (Same as the disks and tracks I couldn't rip but could still play on the dedicated players.) All but 3 were commercial CDs. I also had a handful of CDRs, backups ripped from 1997-2001, all of which were perfect. TDK, but not from when they had a bad batch. I used a couple of them to restore my Win98 box software.
P.S. Revisiting this made me wonder whether using a DVD player might help in some cases, assuming you have a player that can read data discs and yuo can get it to stream the data bit perfect. Or maybe some smart vogon can figure out how to get the disc to work in a computer.