Win 3.11 does NOT have a standard mode, IIRC.
Win 3.1 DOES.
Basically, you get it working with the dos realmode drivers (such as for dos games), then start win 3.1 with the /s switch, to make it run in standard mode.
In standard mode, it does not go into protected mode, and all services are handled by dos interrupt handlers. This includes the dos TSR driver that the soundblaster 128 uses to simulate being an SB16.
IIRC the SB16 does not do SBPRO mode properly, so use just the ordinary soundblaster 2.0 driver instead.
I dont know for certain that it would work, but it has a shot to.
There are other caveats to using standard mode:
Virtual memory is not a thing.
Dos applications wont run in windows. They can only be run full screen.
Multitasking is vastly more limited.