There's a brown slot that is supposed to be cpu cache but I have no idea how to get one compatible.
Any COAST stick will do. Your board already has 256kB L2 PLB cache soldered onto it (those two UMC chips next to the 88243VX chip), so the only benefit of a COAST module would be to increase that to 512kB. The difference might be measurable, but almost certainly not noticeable. Tbh, I wouldn't bother.
The motherboard has a "green pc" connector but the case doesn't seem to have it.
So use any other button you have. It will put the PC into sleep mode. Not really very useful in a retro perspective.
The cpu is a socket 7, but the manual says that the pentium 166 is the maximum supported (currently pentium 133), can someone confirm?
I wanted to place a pentium 233 mmx on it.
There are a few considerations. The most important is voltage - to run a Pentium MMX the board needs to be able to supply split voltage with 2.8V for the CPU. For that you need a voltage regulator.
You post three pics here, but they are from three different boards 😮
Top is rev C with a 168p DIMM slot, middle is rev B, bottom is rev C without a 168p DIMM slot.
That is relevant here as things like voltage regulators were optional on early So7 boards (like that DIMM slot). The bottom board has two MOSFET transistors with big heatsinks at the bottom of the board. That is a linear VRM. If your board also has them you are in luck. The other pics don't show the relevant part of the board. Is at least one of these pics of your own board?
If you have the VRM, you can use J9 and J11 set to resp 1-2 and 1-2 3-4 to set the voltage to 2.8V. Then you need to set correct bus speed (66MHz, with JP6 3-4) and multiplier 3.5x on the MMX is re-mapped onto the 1.5x setting from the non-MMX, so choose JP8 open.
If you don't have the VRM, you're limited to non-MMX, so max P200. If you have one, set bus to 66MHz and multiplier to 3.0x (JP8 3-4)