Well it's a 44 pin connector with no key that looks like it's meant for a 44-pin 2-mm pitch cable to plug into. Some of the extra pins provide power so a 40-pin cable won't work with it, but it should be able to power a laptop hard drive?
The 5v pins are the quickest way to test with a multimeter in ohms / beep mode - they're in the same place on the top and bottom row.
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Check whether the pins in green or the pins in red are connected together and that's pin 41/42, so pin 1 is at the opposing end and it should probably be marked for future reference