This is strange...
The game uses DOS4GW, so DOSbox won't help. Yet I've made a discovery that seems to suggest that I've been on the wrong track all the time. To test if the game would crash I had a savegame with the same, early "terror" mission. Then I'd simply move some of the aquanauts out of the sub and end the turn. Most of the times this crashed the game, and if it didn't it crashed the next time I'd end a turn.
Now what I did was to run terrorcd.bat instead of terror.com or the VDMsound shortcut. When I tried the mission it didn't crash, and instead the mission failed saying "sub lost". This seems like a bug in X-com itself, but I can always start over. The game did crash spontaneously once during the mission, no clue why.
Another strange problem is the fact that the sound doesn't work (only music) when I run the bat-file, and if I use VDMsound the "old" crash problem is back. Oddly enough, disabling sound and/or music with terror.com does nothing. If I could get the sound fx working I'd be fully satisfied.
here's what the terrorcd.bat does:
@echo off
cls
%1sound\sndstart %1
%1ufoexe\black
ufoexe\geoscape "0" %1
if errorlevel 2 goto begin
goto end
:begin
%1ufoexe\black
ufo2exe\tactical "1" %1
:geo
%1ufoexe\black
ufoexe\geoscape "1" %1
if errorlevel 2 goto begin
:end
%1sound\sndend
It seems that I'm making progress here, but I'd still be grateful for any assistance.