https://www.atariteca.net.pe/2025/05/atarino- … as-pequeno.html

The entire system—6502C processor, ANTIC, GTIA, POKEY, memory, video, and audio controllers—fits into a module measuring just 2 x 1.5 cm based on a Lattice UP5K chip. The initial goal was to verify compatibility with an old 65XE board; but the initiative evolved into a more powerful and flexible reinterpretation. “It's not an exact replica. It's a system that behaves like an Atari, but can go beyond, allowing for new forms of retro-futuristic interaction,” Ostapowicz explained in an interview published in late January 2024 by AtariOnline.

https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2025/06/polis … atari-computer/

Polish engineer Piotr "Osa" Ostapowicz recently unveiled "Atarino," which may be the world's smallest 8-bit Atari computer re-creation, according to retro computing site Atariteca. The entire system—processor, graphics chips, sound hardware, and memory controllers—fits on a module measuring just 2×1.5 centimeters (about 0.79×0.59 inches), which is roughly the size of a postage stamp.

Ostapowicz's creation reimplements the classic Atari XL/XE architecture using modern FPGA (field-programmable gate array) technology. Unlike software emulators that simulate old hardware (and modern recreations that run them, like the Atari 400 Mini console) on a complete computer system of another architecture, Atarino reproduces the original Atari components faithfully at the logic level, allowing it to run vintage software while maintaining compatibility with original peripherals.

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While Atarino maintains broad compatibility with classic Atari software, Ostapowicz says he has enhanced the original design in several ways. For example, the 6502 processor core follows the physical chip specifications but adds new instructions. The memory system uses independent channels rather than the original's "cycle stealing" approach (where the graphics chip temporarily halts the CPU to access memory), improving performance.

The graphics capabilities of the Atarino also extend beyond the original's limitations. Ostapowicz implemented functional clones of the ANTIC and GTIA chips with extended resolution modes. And the system outputs video through both VGA at 60 Hz and HDMI.