Reading, from what you write, I would check the power supply, because it should run the HDD, when you turn on the PC.
One test you can do is to disconnect the motherboard, and leave the power supply connected to the HDD only, if you turn it on and it doesn't turn, it means that one or more voltages are not in place.
Maybe you can check all the voltages of the power supply, but it's not said that if they are there, then by connecting the MB, it works.
AMD 286-16 287-10 4MB
AMD 386SX-33 4MB
AMD 386DX-40 Intel 387 8MB
Cyrix 486DLC-40 IIT387-40 8MB
486DX2-66 +many others
P60 48MB
iDX4-100 32MB
AMD 5X86-133 16MB VLB CL5429 2MB
AMD K62+ 550 SOYO 5EMA+ +many others
AST Pentium Pro 200 MHz L2 256KB