It took a second, but I think I have everything. I had to get the datasheet of the CX25874 (which appears to be same to the CX25873 on your card):

Derived from datasheet + traces on your pictures:
1 - C2533 - 100nF 16V X7R 10% (for REG_OUT decoupling according to data sheet - not 100% sure)
2 - C2542 - 100nF 16V X7R 10% (for VAA_OSC decoupling according to data sheet)
3 - C2545 - 0805 1µF 16V X7R - (for PLL_COMP according to data sheet)
4 - RP22 - 330 Ohms resistor array
5 - C2537 - 100nF 16V X7R 10% - (for VDD decoupling according to data sheet)

Output section appears to be same as on MS-8894:

6 - C2507 - 0603 27pF 50V NPO 1%
7 - C630 - 0805 4.7µF 6.3V X5R 10%
8 - L606 - 0603 150-220R_100MHz 20%
9 - C302 - 0603 100nF 16V X7R 10%
10 - C300 - 0603 100nF 16V X7R 10%
11 - L603 - 0603 150-220R_100MHz 20%
12 - C621 - 0603 220pF 50V NPO 5%

Dude, you’re awesome.
1 question: isn’t the resistor array 33 ohm?

It is, my bad. Had it in mind, but not at hand.

Replaced everything missing. The card works fine on the DVI ouput. VGA no display.
Took a thorough look around the card and identified this IC near the VGA port.
Any idea what it is?

Probably: 74AHC1G08
A single AND gate to buffer HSYNC or VSYNC for the VGA ouput.
https://www.s-manuals.com/pdf/datasheet/7/4/7 … 1g08_r7_nxp.pdf

Similar to here:

Check if Pin 3 is GND and either 1 and 5 or 2 and 5 are connected on the PCB. That'd be a pretty safe indicator. Also, 4 should go via a resistor to the VGA port.

Changed that part and there you go. VGA output like a boss!
Card fixed.